Radar is an electromagnetic system for the detection and location of target objects such as aircraft, ships, spacecraft, vehicles, people and the natural environment which can reflect a signal back. It uses electromagnetic radio waves to determine the angle, range or velocity of an object. Radar is a prime example of an electronic engineering system […]

Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be reused or returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment. Normally, the treatment process happens in a Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) also known as a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) or […]

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It’s essentially a system of software and hardware elements that allows industrial organizations to perform key functions, such as: Monitor, gather and process real-time data Control industrial processes locally or at remote locations Record events into a log file Directly interact with devices such as sensors, valves, pumps, […]

A Smart Grid is a modern power generation, transmission and distribution system that can automate and manage the increasing complexity of electricity in the near future. The intent is that the Smart Grid will replace the outdated and inefficient North American power grid that has been in continuous operation for 150 years.In fact,Over 300,000 milesof transmission […]

In both engineering and science arenas, root cause analysis (RCA) is an increasingly popular method of problem-solving used for identifying the root causes of problems. Over the past 15 years, RCA has been used more and more in IT operations, telecommunications, accident analysis, medicine and rail transport. Normally, RCA is used to serve as input […]

There’s a tendency to think of power and energy as the same thing. They are not. Power is the rate energy is moved, or used. Energy is the ability to cause change. Generally, power and energy are thought of in terms of the utility industry, which brings electricity to homes and businesses. And no wonder. […]

A United States defense standard (MIL-STD) is a document that establishes uniform engineering and technical requirements for military-unique or substantially modified commercial processes, procedures, practices and methods. There are five types of defense standards:     1.      Standard practices 2.      Test method standards 3.      Interface standards 4.      Design criteria standards 5.      Manufacturing process standards Standardizations are […]

Generally, modeling and simulation are substitutes for physical experimentation in which computers are used to calculate the results of some physical phenomenon. Modeling refers to the process of representing a model which includes its construction and working. This model is similar to a real system, which helps the analyst predict the effect of changes to […]

An embedded system is a controller with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today. Embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 […]

Professional military personnel sometimes refer to electronic warfare (EW) as the forgotten discipline — they also remind NATO allies of its importance. Electronic warfare can have significant mission impact – even in the simplest possible scenario. For example, having an adversary monitor one’s communications or eliminate one’s ability to communicate or navigate can be catastrophic. […]