Course Number: 599
Length: 2 Days
Diameter Training Description , Diameter Protocol Training
Diameter Training Course covers Diameter protocol which was derived from the RADIUS protocol with a lot of improvements in different aspects aligned with Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) protocol. The Diameter protocol is widely used in the IMS architecture for IMS entities to exchange AAA-related information. An excellent course covering Diameter protocol overview, architecture, signaling, security and more.
Because LTE, VoLTE and IMS system are the next big things in the telecom industry, we believe a clear understanding of the Diameter protocol is necessary for understanding the essence of these architecture. Diameter training course offers a technical overview of Diameter and how it works.
Basic Topics Included:
- Diameter protocol stack
- Diameter protocol architecture
- Diameter protocol specification
- Radius vs. Diameter protocol
- AAA Diameter protocol
- How Diameter protocol works
- Diameter protocol call flow
- Diameter protocol in telecom, LTE and IMS
- Avp in Diameter protocol
- Diameter protocol error codes
Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the participant will be able to:
- Sketch the LTE/EPC and IMS architectures
- Explain Diameter protocol features including the Base
- Identify Diameter features, applications, security
- Describe Diameter protocol capabilities
- Describe Diameter Accounting and Credit Control
- Describe the functions supported by Diameter Protocol
- Illustrate key 3GPP/LET/EPC Diameter interfaces
- Describe Diameter-based interfaces including: Cx/Dx, Sh/Dh, Rf/Ro, Gq/Go, Rq, Gq’, e2 and e4
- Identify the key elements for Diameter messages such as ER/CEA, DWR/DWA, DPR/DPA, RAR/RAA, and CCR/CCA
- Describe PCC (Policy and Charging Control)
- Describe Charging Interfaces (Gy, Ro, Gx, Gz, Sy, Rx, Sd
- Describe Offline and Online Charging
- Sketch PCC architecture (PCRF, PCEF, SPR, OCS)
Introduction to Diameter
- What is Diameter?
- History
- Applications
- Protocol description
- Problems to be addressed
- Diameter Protocol in 3GPP context
- Diameter Architecture
- Load Balanceing
- Diameter Router
- Diameter Routing Agent (DRA)
Diameter Protocol Overview
- Transport
- SCTP Guidelines
- Securing Diameter Messages
- Diameter Application Compliance
- Application Identifiers
- Connections vs. Sessions
- Peer Table
- Realm-Based Routing Table
- Role of Diameter Agents
- Relay Agents
- Proxy Agents
- Redirect Agents
- Translation Agents
- End-to-End Security Framework
- Diameter Path Authorization
Diameter Header
- Command Codes
- Command Code ABNF specification
- Diameter Command Naming Conventions
- Diameter AVPs
- AVP Header
- Optional Header Elements
- Basic AVP Data Formats
- Derived AVP Data Formats
- Grouped AVP Values
- Example AVP with a Grouped Data Type
- Diameter Base Protocol AVPs
Diameter Peers
- Peer Connections
- Diameter Peer Discovery
- Capabilities Exchange
- CapabilitiesExchangeRequest
- CapabilitiesExchangeAnswer
- Disconnecting Peer Connections
- DisconnectPeerRequest
- DisconnectPeerAnswer
- Transport Failure Detection
- DeviceWatchdogRequest
- DeviceWatchdogAnswer
- Transport Failure Algorithm
- Failover and Failback Procedures
- PeerStateMachine
- Incoming connections
- Events
- Actions
- The Election Process
Diameter Message Processing
- Diameter Request Routing Overview
- Originating a Request
- Sending a Request
- Receiving Requests
- Processing Local Requests
- Request Forwarding
- Request Routing
- Redirecting Requests
- Relaying and Proxying Requests
- Diameter Answer Processing
- Processing Received Answers
- Relaying and Proxying Answers
Error Handling
- ResultCode AVP
- Informational
- Success
- Protocol Errors
- Transient Failures
- Permanent Failures
- Error Bit
Diameter User Sessions
- AuthorizationSessionStateMachine
- AccountingSessionStateMachine
- ServerInitiated ReAuth
- ReAuthRequest
- ReAuthAnswer
- Session Termination
- SessionTerminationRequest
- SessionTerminationAnswer
- Aborting a Session
- AbortSessionRequest
- AbortSessionAnswer
- Inferring Session Termination from OriginStateId
Accounting and Billing
- Server Directed Model
- Protocol Messages
- Application Document Requirements
- Fault Resilience
- Accounting Records
- Correlation of Accounting Records
- Accounting CommandCodes
- AccountingRequest
- AccountingAnswer
- Accounting AVPs
Diameter Protocol Related Configurable Parameters
- Security Considerations
- IPSec Usage
- TLS Usage
Diameter Messages
- Messages defined in the DIAMETER base protocol
- AbortSessionRequest
- AbortSessionAnswer
- AccountingRequest
- AccountingAnswer
- CapabilitiesExchangingRequest
- CapabilitiesExchangingAnswer
- DeviceWatchdogRequest
- DeviceWatchdogAnswer
- DisconnectPeerRequest
- DisconnectPeerAnswer
- ReAuthRequest
- ReAuthAnswer
- SessionTerminationRequest
- SessionTerminationAnswer
Diameter Routing and Management
- Diameter routing concepts
- Diameter message manipulation with DRA
- Usage reporting and event trigger reporting
Diameter Applied to IMS and HSPA/HSPA+/LTE
- Accounting
- Server Directed Model
- Protocol Messages
- Application Document Requirements
- Fault Resilience
- Accounting Records
- Correlation of Accounting Records
- Diameter messages
- CER/CEA
- DWR/DWA
- DPR/DPA
- RAR/RAA
- CCR/CCA
Diameter in the LTE/EPS Environment
- Types of DIAMETER Nodes in IMS/LTE
- Client (e.g., S4SGSN, MME, NAS)
- Server (e.g., HSS)
- Agent
- Relay Agent
- Proxy Agent (e.g., DRA)
- Redirect Agent (e.g., SLF)
- Translation Agent (e.g., MAP, DIAMETER IWF)
- Offline and Online Charging procedures and call flows
- Offline Charging CDR content
- Online Charging AVPs and how they can be used for rating
- PCC Architecture in within EPC/LTE
- PCC Architecture and Components: PCRF, PCEF, SPR, OCS
- Charging plans and policies with PCC architecture
Example of Diameter Interfaces
- S6a between MME and HSS
- S6d between S4SGSN and HSS
- S13 between MME and EIR
- S13 ’ between S4SGSN and EIR
- S9 between Visited PCRF and Home PCRF
- Gx between PDNGW and PCRF
- Gxx (Gxa, Gxb, Gxc) for policy control
- Gy between PDNGW and OCS
- Gz between PDNGW and OFCS
- Rx between PCSCF and PCRF
- Sp between PCRF and SPR
- Diameter Applications in IMS
- Rc (IMS)
- Re (IMS)
- Rx (IMS)
- Diameter Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Application (RFC 4740)
- Cx (IMS), Dx (IMS), Sh (IMS) and Dh (IMS)
- Rf (IMS)
- Diameter CreditControl Application (RFC 4006): Ro (IMS)
Diameter usage on the Cx and Dx reference points
- UserAuthorizationRequest (UAR) Command
- UserAuthorizationAnswer (UAA) Command
- ServerAssignmentRequest (SAR) Command
- ServerAssignmentAnswer (SAA) Command
- LocationInfoRequest (LIR) Command
- LocationInfoAnswer (LIA) Command
- MultimediaAuthRequest (MAR) Command
- MultimediaAuthAnswer (MAA) Command
- RegistrationTerminationRequest (RTR) Command
- RegistrationTerminationAnswer (RTA) Command
- PushProfileRequest (PPR) Command
- PushProfileAnswer (PPA) Command
Diameter Protocol Resources: IETF and 3GPP DIAMETER Reference: Diameter Interfaces
- DIAMETER interfaces in the IETF, 3GPP, 3GPP2, ETSI TISPAN, PacketCable, MSF and ITU Interface
- Network Location
- Supported version
- Diameter Base Protocol
- IETF RFC 3588
- Diameter Commands for 3GPP
- IETF RFC 3589
- Diameter Credit Control App
- IETF RFC 4006
- NASREQ Support for Network Access Server
- IETF RFC 4005
- EAP Support for Extensible Authentication Protocol
- IETF RFC 4072
- Mobile IPv4 Support for Diameter Mobile IPv4
- IETF RFC 4004
- Diameter Mobile IPv6
- IETF RFC 5447
- Diameter SIP Application
- IETF RFC 4740
- Sh interface
- Between AS and HSS
- 3GGP TS 29.328 & TS 29.329
- Dh interface
- Between AS and SLF
- 3GGP TS 29.328 & TS 29.329
- Rf interface
- Between AS and OFCS
- RFC 4006, 3GGP TS 32.225 & TS 32.299
- Ro interface
- Between AS and OCS
- RFC 4006, 3GGP TS 32.225 & TS 32.299
- Re interface
- Between OCF and Rating function
- 3GPP TS 32.296
- Cx interface
- Between CSCF and HSS
- 3GPP TS 29.228 & TS29.229
- Dx interface
- Between CSCF and SLF
- 3GPP TS 29.228 & TS29.229
- Sp interface
- Between PCRF and SPR
- 3GPP TS 23.203, TS 29.328 & TS 29.329
- Rx interface
- Between AF and the PCRF
- 3GPP TS 23.203 & TS 29.214
- Rx+ interface
- Rx reference point for EPC
- 3GPP TS 32820, 3GPP TS 23.203 & TS 29.214
- Gx interface
- Between PCEF and the PCRF
- 3GPP TS 29.212 & TS 23.203
- Gy interface
- Between OCS and PCEF
- 3GPP TS 32.29, TS 32.251 & RFC 4006
- Gz interface
- Between PCEF and OFCS
- 3GPP TS 32.240, TS 32.295
- Gq interface
- Between AF and PDF
- 3GPP TS 29.209
- Gi interface
- Between Packet Domain and an external packet data network
- 3GPP TS 29.061
- SGi interface
- between the EPC based PLMN and the packet data network
- 3GPP TS 29.061
- Zh interface
- Between BSF and HSS
- 3GPP TS 29.109 & TS 33.220
- Zh interface
- Between BSF and HSS (used between operators)
- 3GPP TS 29.109 & TS 33.220
- Dz interface
- Between BSF and SLF
- 3GPP TS 29.109 & TS 33.220
- Zn interface
- Between BSF and NAF
- 3GPP TS 29.109 & TS 33.220
- Zn’ interface
- Between BSF and Zn Proxy
- 3GPP TS 29.109 & TS 33.220
- Dw interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Server and an SLF
- 3GPP TS 29.234
- Wa interface
- Between the WLAN AN and the 3GPP AAA Proxy
- 3GPP TS 29.234
- Wd interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Proxy and 3GPP AAA Server
- 3GPP TS 29.234
- Wx interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Server and the HSS
- 3GPP TS 29.234
- Wm interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Server and the PDG
- 3GPP TS 29.234
- Wg interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Server/Proxy and the WAG
- 3GPP TS 29.234
- Pr interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Server and the PNA
- 3GPP TS 29.234
- Wm interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Server and the PDG
- 3GPP TS 29.234
- Gmb interface
- Between GGSN and BMSC
- 3GPP TS 29.061
- Mz interface
- Mz is the roaming variant of the Gmb reference point with the same functionality
- 3GPP TS 29.061
- Bi interface
- CCF to BS
- 3GPP TS TS 32.225
- MM10 interface
- Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
- OMA MM10 interface
- Ty interface
- Between AGW and PCRF
- 3GPP2 TSGX X.S0013014
- Tx interface
- Between AF and PCRF
- 3GPP2 TSGX X.S0013013
- S6a interface
- Between MME and HSS
- 3GPP TS 29.272
- S6b interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Server/Proxy and the PDN GW
- 3GPP TS 23402
- S6d interface
- Between MME and HSS
- 3GPP TS 29.272
- S7c interface
- Transfer of (QoS) policy information from PCRF to the SGW.
- 3GPP TS 32820, TS 23402
- S9 interface
- Between PCRF in the HPLMN (H PCRF) and a PCRF in the VPLMN (V PCRF)
- 3GPP TS 23.203 & TS 29.215
- S13 interface
- Between MME and EIR
- 3GPP TS 29.272
- Gxa interface
- PCRF and the BBERF
- 3GPP TS 23.203
- Gxb interface
- Between ePDG and vPCRF
- 3GPP TS 23.203
- Gxc interface
- PCRF and the BBERF
- 3GPP TS 23.203
- SWa interface
- Between an untrusted non3GPP IP access and the 3GPP AAA Server/Proxy
- 3GPP TS 23402
- SWd interface
- Between the 3GPP AAA Proxy and 3GPP AAA Server
- 3GPP TS 23402
- SWn interface