Length: 3 Days
mmW Technology Training
While not all carriers are using millimeter waves (mmW) exclusively in their U.S. rollout of 5G, it’s just a matter of time before millimeter waves become the cornerstone of 5G networks.
The mmW spectrum was targeted for 5G because of its immense availability between 30 GHz and 300 GHz in stark contrast to the overcrowded lower spectrums where previous generations of wireless networks have operated.
Other benefits of the millimeter wave spectrum include:
- Ability to handle large amounts of data
- Higher resolution
- Low interference
- Small component sizes
- Increased security
The bad news is that while this spectrum gives us some expansion room, it isn’t useful for all types of wireless applications. It has its limitations. Overcoming those shortcomings has been the challenge of making millimeter waves practical and affordable.
One of the key limitations of millimeter waves is the limited range. The laws of physics say that the shorter the wavelength, the shorter the transmission range for a given power. At reasonable power levels, this limitation restrains the range to less than 10 meters in many cases.
The free space loss in dB is calculated with:
L = 92.4 + 20log(f) + 20log(R)
R is the line-of-sight (LOS) distance between transmit and receive antennas in kilometers, and f is the frequency in gigahertz. For example, the loss at 10 meters at 60 GHz is:
L = 92.4 + 35.6 – 40 = 88 dB
But systems engineers are overcoming this loss with good receiver sensitivity, high transmit power, and high antenna gains.
Also, high-gain antenna arrays can boost the effective radiated power (ERP), significantly increasing range.
mmW Technology Training Course by Tonex
mmW Technology Training presents the fundamentals of millimeter wave technologies including 28 GHz and ISM 60 GHz (802.11ad, and 802.11ay) and applications for anyone who need to be grounded in the fundamentals of millimeter wave technologies.
mmW technology is based on the spectrum between 30 GHz and 300 GHz, which is referred to as the millimeter wave band. Because the wavelengths for these frequencies are about one to ten millimeters, the mmW are used to label the technologies and applications using these bands. Millimeter wave propagation has its own peculiarities and characteristics of radio signal propagation at millimeter wave frequencies and their implications for spectrum management are key concepts covered in this training course.
mmW Training/Millimeter Wave Training will fill the gaps in understanding of mmW technologies. mmW Training also illustrates the fundamental concepts of millimeter wave and highlights the importance of several aspects of mmW technologies, applications and trends. The mmW propagation mechanisms and principles that affect the millimeter signal path from the transmitter to the receiver are discussed in detail.
Coverage is discussed using the link budget examples for mmW systems. mmW Training course also presents and discusses the needs of necessary tools useful for millimeter wave analysis, modeling, simulation, planning/design, deployment and optimization.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the attendees will be able to:
- Explain the key concepts behind mmW technologies and applications
- Contrast mmW deployment with Microwave communications deployment
- Discuss various mmW key components
- List key measurement, analysis, and identification concepts of physical parameters, and statistical representations of mmWave propagation channels
- Describe mmW propagation mechanisms
- Explain various aspects of mmW design and link budget
- Summarize the approaches used for mmW technology design and implementation
- Outline KPIs that quantify mmW performance
- Explain how tools can be used during various stages of the mmW systems engineering including analysis, modeling, design, simulation, deployment, operations and optimization
Course Agenda
Millimeter Wave (mmW) Technology at a Glance
- Introduction to mmW
- Millimeter wave definition
- Key benefits of mmW technology
- mmW frequency band applications
- mmW technology overview
- Millimeter wave technology potential applications
- The mmW band and the bandwidth
- mmW / Sub-mmW
- Technical features and functions
- Enabling technologies
- Innovations
- System considerations
- System Stand-Off / Operation Range
- Issues and performance considerations
- The propagation characteristics of millimeter waves
- “Optical” propagation characteristics
- Loss of signal due to atmospheric effects
- mmW propagation characteristics
- mmW signal loss
- Effect of atmospheric oxygen, humidity, fog and rain
- Regulatory compliances
- Standards
- IEEE 802.11ad and IEEE 802.15.3c
- Maximum range of mmW link
- Reliability ad availability
- Performance of a typical system
mmW Technologies and Applications
- Definition of frequency bands
- Extremely high frequency (EHF)
- Millimeter band (IEEE)
- Frequency and Wavelength ranges
- Overview of K / L / M bands (NATO)
- Overview of IEEE Ka / V / W / mm bands
- mmW Applications
- Scientific research
- Satellite-based remote sensing
- Atmosphere by measuring radiation emitted from oxygen
- Telecommunications
- Weapons systems
- Millimeter wave radar
- Imaging
- Millimeter wave based technologies
- Active circuit Physical model
- Simulation mmW transistor
- Maxwell equation
- Finite difference method
- Time domain method
- Hydrodynamics Transport process
- mmW amplifiers
- mmW antennas
- VSWR, Return loss, gain patterns and radiated power
- Antenna return loss and near and far-field gains
mmW Propagation and Loses
- ITU Atmospheric Attenuation Model
- Atmospheric gaseous losses
- Transmission losses
- Effects of molecules of oxygen, water vapor and other gaseous atmospheric constituents
- LOS (Line-of-Sight)
- mmW Attenuation
- Obstructions and foliage
- Foliage losses
- mmW Scattering/Diffraction
- The high free space loss and atmospheric absorption
- Effect on propagation
- Spectrum utilization through frequency reuse
- Reflected and focused by small metal surfaces
- Diffracted and diffuse reflection
- Sky noise temperature or brightness temperature
- Multipath propagation
- Indoor walls and surfaces
- Fading
- Doppler shift of frequency
- Automated guns (CIWS) on naval ships
- Nonlethal weapon system
- Active Denial System (ADS) Electromagnetic shielding
- Knife-edge effect
- FCC bulletin on MMW propagation
- FCC 70/80/90 GHz overview
- FCC 57–64 GHz rules
- Deflecting magnetic field shield
Analytical Modeling for EVM in mmW Transmitters
- mmWave Transceiver System
- Conditions
- System Performance and Characteristics
- 275 GHz to 295 GHz mmWave Transceiver System
- 71 GHz to 76 GHz mmWave Transceiver System
- Environment
- Operating Environment
- Storage Environment
- Compliance and Certifications
- Safety
- Electromagnetic Compatibility
- CE Compliance
- Environmental Management
Transceiver EVM modeling
- Thermal SNR
- IM3
- PAPR/modulation type/coding gain
- PN ( offset frequency to consider with carrier recovery loop bandwidth consideration)
- Baseband Filtering effect
Receiver Modeling
- Receiver Demodulator
- Tuning range
- Analog gain range
- Gain compression
- Noise figure
- Carrier tracking and symbol tracking
- Design trade offs for SNR/PN/EVM
mmW System Modeling
- mmW simulation and modeling
- System simulation of a mmW
- Simulating Electromagnetic wave propagation
- Software for simulating mmW design components
- Modeling and analysis for mmW technology
- Simple device modeling
- Noise Modeling
- Transistor Model
- Quasi-Optical modeling
- Effects of other phenomena on mmW
- Accurate mmW modeling with the innovative beam envelope method
- Sinusoidal signals
- Time-harmonic in the frequency domain
- Solving mmW propagation problems using methods
- Maxwell’s equations
- mmW Channel Model simulator software
- Statistical channel model and simulation code
- Prediction accuracy, sensitivity, and parameter stability of large-scale propagation path loss models
- Electro-Thermal resistor code
- Noise modeling
- Electro-Thermal physical transistor model
- Modeling of a Quasi-Optical power combiner
- Parallel circuit simulation
- Distributions
- Realistic assessment of mmW technologies
- Simulation and Modeling of a millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antenna
- Microstrip patch antenna with a planar configuration
- The antenna performance
Design and Simulation of mmW
- Signal Loss through Atmosphere
- Millimeter-wave regime
- mmW channel models
- Development of channel models
- measurement, analysis, and identification of physical parameters
- Statistical representations of mmWave propagation channels
- Signal propogation in non-line-of-sight conditions
- Shadowing due to foliage
- Interposition of the objects between the transmitter and the receiver
- Path loss over a given distance
- Measurement data and channel models Performance of a millimeter wave link
- Calculating mmW signal loss (dB/km)
- Oxygen
- Sea Level
- Humidity
- Heavy Fog
- Cloud Burst
- Rain
- Rate of rainfall, millimeters per hour
- Various rain rates and the
- Corresponding amount of attenuation of millimeter wave
ITS Millimeter–wave Propagation Model (MPM)
- Refractivity N for atmospheric conditions
- Specific rates of power attenuation and propagation delay
- Real Part of Refractivity /N’ [ppm]
- Imaginary Part of Refractivity, N” [ppm] Non-dispersive Refractivity/No [ppm]
- Attenuation/ 0.1820 F N” [dB/km]
- Dispersive Delay, 3.3356 N’ [ps/km] Total Delay/3.3356 (N’ + No) [ps/km
- Input data
- Frequency (F), pressure (P), temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and rain rate (RR)
- Haze model to predict water droplet density (W) for four climate zones (Rural, Urban, Maritime, Maritime+Strong Wind)
- Hygroscopic aerosol reference density (wA)
- RH as a suspended water droplet density i
- Simulation of fog or cloud conditions
- Partial vapor pressure
- Water droplets or ice particles impact to attenuation and delay
mmW Systems Engineering
- mmW ciruit design
- Transceiver architecture
- Challenges
- Major accomplishments
- Major issues
- Power delay profile of a single antenna
- Hardware design
- receive antenna multiplexer
- Multiplexed waveforms
- Best lessons learned
- System planning
- Analysis of Millimeter Wave Beam
- ConOps
- Systems requirements
- Design
- Modeling and simulation
- Implementation
- Testing, verification, integration and validation
- Operations
- Best lessons learned
Case Studies and Projects Overview
- mmW application case studies
- mmW system case studies
- mmW technology case studies
- Trends and evolution
mmW Technology Training