Wholesale Electricity Marketing and Trading Training
Wholesale Electricity Marketing and Trading Training covers topics related to wholesale electricity market. The wholesale market refers to the buying and selling of power between the generators and resellers. The Resellers include electricity utility companies, competitive power providers and electricity marketers. For most regions within the United States, the
operation of and transactions in the wholesale market are regulated by the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission.
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The wholesale market begins with generators, which, after securing the necessary
approval, connect to the grid and generate electricity. The electricity produced by
generators is bought by an entity that will often, in turn, resell that power to meet enduser
demand. These resale entities will generally buy electricity through markets or
through contracts between individual buyers or sellers. In some cases, utilities may own
generation and sell directly to end-use customers.
Learn about traditional and evolved wholesale electricity markets. E=Traditional markets
exist primarily in the Southeast, Southwest and Northwest where utilities are
responsible for system operations and management, and, typically, for providing power
to retail consumers.
Utilities in traditional markets are frequently vertically integrated – they own the
generation, transmission and distribution systems used to serve electricity consumers.
They may also include federal systems, such as the Bonneville Power Administration,
the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Western Area Power Administration.
Wholesale physical power trade typically occurs through bilateral transactions, and
while the industry had historically traded electricity through bilateral transactions and
power pool agreements, Order No. 888 promoted the concept of independent system
operators (ISOs).
Learn about The California Independent System Operator (CAISO) which operates a
competitive wholesale electricity market and manages the reliability of its transmission
grid. CAISO provides open access to the transmission and performs long-term planning.
In managing the grid, CAISO centrally dispatches generation and coordinates the
movement of wholesale electricity in California and a portion of Nevada. CAISOs
markets include energy (day-ahead and real-time), ancillary services, and congestion
revenue rights. CAISO also operates an Energy Imbalance Market (EIM), which
currently includes PacifiCorp’s two balancing authority areas.
wholesale market participants. Several groups of transmission owners formed ISOs,
some from existing power pools. In Order No. 2000, the Commission encouraged
utilities to join regional transmission organizations (RTOs) which, like an ISO, would
operate the transmission systems and develop innovative procedures to manage
transmission equitably. Each of the ISOs and RTOs has energy and ancillary services
markets in which buyers and sellers could bid for or offer generation. The ISOs and
RTOs use bid-based markets to determine economic dispatch. While major sections of
the country operate under more traditional market structures, two-thirds of the nation’s
electricity load is served in RTO regions.